Configuration Management / Open and exposed database(s)

Description

Direct database access via the internet refers to the ability to interact with a database directly over the internet without the use of secure protocols or layers of protection. This often involves exposing database ports or services to the public internet, making it susceptible to various security threats.

Risk

• Unauthorized Access: Without proper authentication and authorization controls, malicious actors may exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to the database.
• Data Breach: If the database is not adequately secured, sensitive information stored within it could be compromised, leading to a potential data breach.
• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Internet-exposed databases are susceptible to DoS attacks, which could overwhelm the database server, making it unavailable for legitimate users.
• Data Manipulation: Unauthorized users may alter or delete data within the database, leading to data integrity issues.

Solution

Use Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) or Private Networks

• Restrict direct database access to a private network or through a VPN, reducing exposure to the public internet.
• Implement network segmentation to isolate databases from other systems.
  Authentication and Authorization
• Enforce strong authentication mechanisms, such as multi-factor authentication, to ensure that only authorized users can access the database.
• Implement least privilege access, granting users only the permissions necessary for their specific roles.
  Regular Security Audits and Monitoring
• Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential weaknesses in the database system.
• Implement robust logging and monitoring to detect and respond to suspicious activities promptly.
  Update and Patch Management
• Keep the database management system and associated software up-to-date with the latest security patches to address known vulnerabilities.
• Regularly review and update firewall rules and access controls.
  Firewall and Intrusion Prevention Systems
• Implement firewalls to filter and control incoming and outgoing traffic to the database server.
• Use intrusion prevention systems to detect and block malicious activities in real-time.